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Other Names:Scientific Name: Viola lanceolata L.
Plant Family: Violaceae
Botanical Description: herbaceous, may grow in thick matsStems: Found only at the very base of the plant, very short.
Leaves: lance-shaped and tapering toward plant stem on long petiole stems, 2 - 6 inches tall, semi-erect, may be gently serrated, smooth and hairless
Roots: stolons running parallel to the surface underground
Flowers: with 5 delicate white petals, upper 2 petals curled back, lower 3 petals have a dark purplish vein, bloom May - June, single flower per erect stem
Seeds: many, small and black or dark brown, borne in pods which open in late summer
Seedling:
Reproduction: perennialPropagation: seed, mid-summer proliferation by stolon
Dispersal: A species that is introduced by seed-contaminated sand or cuttings. Can be a remnant threat if not removed by proper scalping.
State: Very common throughout Wisconsin.National: Found northward to Minnesota, as far south as Florida and Texas.
Origin:
Its dense, matting growth habit makes this species very competitive with young cranberry vines for resources such as sunlight and nutrients. Found commonly in wetland meadows, open bogs, on the shores or banks of ponds, lakes, streams and cranberry marshes.
While scouting a cranberry bed for disease and insect pests, identify weed populations as they arise. Note the specie(s) of weed present as well as the population level relative to field area. Example: 30% lance-leaf violet, 10% boneset and joe-pye weed mix.
Dana, M. 1987. Cranberry Weeds in Wisconsin. Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 33.
Gleason, H. A. 1952. Illustrated Flora of the United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol 2. Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. p. 255.
Kummer, L. D., T. G. Dittl, and T. D. Planer. 1993. Wisconsin Cranberry Weeds. Wisconsin Cranberry Board, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. p. 10.
McGregor, R. L. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. p. 257.
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